What is the purpose of a GFCI (Ground Fault Circuit Interrupter)?

The purpose of a Ground Fault Circuit Interrupter (GFCI) is to protect against electrical shocks by shutting off circuits when a ground fault is detected. A ground fault occurs when there is an unexpected current path between the source of electrical power and the ground, which can happen if a person comes into contact with a live wire while standing on a conductive surface like wet ground.

When a GFCI detects an imbalance in the outgoing and incoming current—indicating a potential leak of current to the ground—it interrupts the circuit almost instantly. This rapid response is crucial in preventing serious injuries or fatalities caused by electric shock.

By effectively monitoring the current flow, the GFCI adds a vital layer of safety in areas where moisture is a concern, such as bathrooms, kitchens, and outdoor environments, ensuring that electrical systems operate without posing a risk to human safety. Thus, the primary function of a GFCI centers around safety, distinguishing it from options that might suggest functions related to efficiency or performance enhancement in electrical circuits.