What is the main function of a transformer in electrical systems?

The primary function of a transformer in electrical systems is to increase or decrease voltage levels in alternating current (AC) circuits. Transformers operate on the principle of electromagnetic induction, allowing them to adjust voltage while maintaining the same frequency.

This capability is crucial in power distribution; for instance, electricity generated at a power plant is typically stepped up to high voltages for efficient long-distance transmission. This high voltage reduces energy losses during transmission. When the electricity reaches its destination, transformers step the voltage down to safer levels suitable for commercial and residential use.

Understanding the role of transformers in voltage management is essential, particularly for ensuring that electrical devices receive the appropriate voltage for optimal operation without risking damage or safety concerns.