What is the function of a transformer in an electrical system?

The function of a transformer in an electrical system is to change the voltage level of an electrical supply. Transformers operate on the principle of electromagnetic induction and are designed to step up (increase) or step down (decrease) voltage levels while maintaining the same overall power in the system, minus losses. This ability is essential for efficient energy transmission over long distances because higher voltage levels reduce energy losses that occur due to resistance in the electrical conductors. By adjusting voltage levels appropriately, transformers ensure that electrical energy can be distributed effectively to homes, businesses, and industries, allowing devices to operate safely within their specified voltage ranges.